Martina Jakob

I am a PhD candidate at the University of Bern, specializing in development economics and public economics. My research combines randomized controlled trials with big data and machine or deep learning methods to study topics such as education, institutions, and inequality. Through my work, I want to contribute to effective policy-making to improve living conditions in low- and middle-income countries.

I am also the founder and president of Consciente, a non-profit organization working for quality education in El Salvador. Consciente pursues an evidence-based approach and presently employs over 50 staff members in El Salvador.

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Research

Job Market Paper

Top Down or Bottom Up? A Field Experiment on Public Goods Provision and Solid Waste Management
Joint with Carla Coccia.

Participatory bottom-up initiatives have become a popular alternative to the traditional top-down provision of local public goods. This study compares the effectiveness of these two approaches. Based on a randomized controlled trial with 120 communities in rural El Salvador, we assess the impact of two interventions addressing solid waste contamination: (i) a top-down intervention where streets were cleaned by an external actor, and (ii) a bottom-up intervention where a facilitator raised awareness and mobilized for collective action. Using an objective measure of pollution based on geotagged photos and deep learning, we find large immediate effects for both interventions, with reductions in waste by 39 percent for the top-down intervention and 28 percent for the bottom-up intervention. Four months after the end of the project, these effects depreciated by 80 percent for the top-down and 60 percent for the bottom-up treatment. Our complementary data from 2,421 surveys and 883 activity records is consistent with a theoretical framework where many individuals are willing to contribute to public goods when others do, but fail to coordinate in the absence of a committed leader.

Publications

Inadequate Teacher Content Knowledge and what Could be Done about it: Evidence from El Salvador. Journal of Development Effectiveness. 2023.
Joint with Konstantin Büchel, Daniel Steffen, Ben Jann, and Aymo Brunetti.

The Value of Teachers and Computer-Assisted Learning in Developing Countries. Evidence from a Field Experiment in El Salvador. Journal of Labor Economics. 2022.
Joint with Konstantin Büchel, Christoph Kühnhanss, Daniel Steffen, and Aymo Brunetti.

Educational Aspirations and Decision-Making in a Context of Poverty. A Test of Rational Choice Models in El Salvador. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility. 2020.
Joint with Benita Combet.

Working Papers

Measuring Human Capital with Social Media Data and Machine Learning.
Joint with Sebastian Heinrich.

Participatory Teaching Improves Learning Outcomes: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Tanzania.
Joint with Konstantin Büchel, Daniel Steffen, and Aymo Brunetti.

Teacher Content Knowledge in Developing Countries: Evidence from a Math Assessment in El Salvador.
Joint with Konstantin Büchel, Christoph Kühnhanss, Daniel Steffen, Ben Jann, and Aymo Brunetti.

Work in Progress

Improving the Quality of Education in Developing Countries: An Experimental Evaluation of Three Teacher Training Programs.
Joint with Carla Coccia, Konstantin Büchel, Ben Jann, and Aymo Brunetti.

Guiding the Way: A Field Experiment on Mentoring and School Dropout in Guatemala.
Joint with Mauricio Romero, Eric Edmonds, and Carla Coccia

Teaching

I have designed and taught courses on global development, experimental methods, programming and deep learning at BA, MA, and CAS level at the University of Bern. On my GitHub repository a complete introductory Python course I developed for social science students is available (suitable for teaching or self-study). The course is based on interactive Jupyter notebooks and includes tutorials and exercises on the Python syntax, data wrangling, analysis and visualization, web scraping, and text analysis. Please contact me for solutions.

Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Networks
with S. Bahr

BA & MA seminar

Fall 2023

Web Scraping and APIs
with S. Heinrich

CAS lecture

Fall 2023, Fall 2021

Programming II: Python
with R. Farys

BA lecture

Spring 2023

Big Data for Development
with B. Jann

BA & MA seminar

Spring 2021

Introduction to Development Sociology
with C. Kühnhanss

BA seminar

Fall 2020, Fall 2019

Topics in Development Sociology
with C. Kühnhanss

BA & MA seminar

Spring 2020

Impact Evaluations
with C. Kühnhanss & B. Jann

MA seminar

Spring 2019